Piston



April 23, 1929. c. s. BURNETT 1,710,011

PISTON Filed Feb. 8, 1929 2 Shets-Sheet INVENTUR farzsdBurnefZ ATronmsv.

April 3, 19 c. s. BURNETT 1,710,011

Czar/es Borne ZZZ Patented Apr. 23, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PISTON.

Application filed February a, 1929. Serial No. 338,502.

(GRANTED UNDER TH E'ACT OEMARCI-I 3, 1883, 118 AMENDED APRIL 30, 1928;370 0. G. 757.)

This invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or forthe Government for governmental purposes, withoutthe payment to me ofany royalty thereon.

This invention relates top'istons but more p'articularlyit is directedto a piston having a (.lemountable head which is utilized to facilitatethe removal of apiston ring, it is also directed to various coordinatingfeatures which will be hereinafter set forth in the specifications andclaims.

Une object of the invention is to provide a removable piston headbeneath which a piston ring may be retained, and to provide means forpreventing the loosening or detachment of said head due tothereciprocating movement of the piston orthe vibrations of the engine, andalso to provide a piston head which will retain a ring and holdcompression Within the cylinder regardless of cracking or splitting Offthe piston skirt. 1

Another object of the invention is to pr0- vide a pistonhead which is soconstructed as to permit the entrance of gas to the interior of thepiston ring and thusexpand said ring against the wall of the cylinder.The advantage of a predetermined pressure thus gained beingll'lillllllilllled throughout the'life of the ring. I

Still another obj ectof the invention is that the ring is fitted intothat portion of the piston nearest the cylinder head thuseliectingstoppage of the passage of gasat the most advantageous point.

Briefly stated this invent'ion 'comprises a piston having a removablehead in which are cut openings for the admission of gas to the interiorand upper surfaces ofthe adjacent piston ringin order to expand: thesame against the cylinder Wall. I

-Referring more particularly to the ac companying drawings in whichcorresponding parts are indicated by similar reference characters. j f

Figure #1 is an isometric sectional view 101' the piston assembly, thesection being taken through the head in such a manner as to show theconstruction of the slotted openings in the'head, and also to show aportion of the head where no slotted opening is lo cated.

Figure #2 shows a fragmentary section of V p I to accommodate itself tosimilar threads the Piston, cut centrally. I t

Figure #3 shows a modification of the piston, in which the space for thereception of the lower legof the angular piston rin is cut from the bodyof the piston and not from the head.

Figures 1, and #5 and #6 show several of the different modifications inthe construction of piston, rings which may be utilized on the pistonset forth in this invention.

Figure '#7 shows a plan view of the cylinder head. I

Figure #8 shows a side elevation of the cylinder head.

Inthe illustrated embodiment characterizing this invention the numeral1,designates the main body of the cylinder, 2 the skirt of the cylinder,3 the hub, and 1 the connecting rod. The numeral 5 designates thecylinder head having slotted open1ngs,6 which extend the entire depththereof, and 7 indicates a circumferential cut around the head to ac--connnodate the contour of the piston ring. The pistonring which isdesignated by the numeral 81in Figures 1, 2, and 3, is shown to have theshape of a right angle, but in Figures 41, 5, and 6, the piston rings13, 14 and 15 respectively, have other contours, such as an equilateraltriangle, a right triangle, and a rectangle. However these areonly a fewmodifications in the shape of the piston ring,

sincethe head and thecylinder maybe cut to accon'nnodate any shape ringwhich will perform the functions desired. Itwill be noticed in Figures1, 2, 5, and 6, that only the cylinder, head is cut away to accommodatethe contour of the ring; whereas, in Figures 3, and l, both the cylinderhead and the body of the cylinder itself are circumferentially 'cut toaccommodate the rings.

Thecircumferential slots 6 are cut radially with their inner walls 9sloping outward from the center of the head as they approach theadjacent surface 11 of the body of, the piston which'underlies the head.The purpose of thus sloping theinner walls 9 is to admit the gas tocontactwith the piston rings in such a direction that it will cause anoutward as ;well as a downward pressure uponthe piston ring and expandthe same against the cylinder wall, and also force it downward on itsseat. 3

Fromthe bottom of the cylinder head projects an. eccentric portion12which is threaded tapped in an eccentrically drilled portion of screwingof the head, from the cylinder body due to reciprocate y motion of thepiston orthe vibrationof the engine as stated above.

In assembl ng the piston it is only necessary to place the ring upon thebody of the including: an eccentrically mounted boss proopening cylinderand screw on the head un il the desired tightness ohtainei'l and thecircumferential surfaces of the head and piston body coincide so thatthe pistonniay he slid within the cylinder, i V

As shown in the illustrations, a clearance 16 is allowed betweenthepiston .andthe ring to permit, the entrance of pas, so that thepressure thereof wiilexei't forces downwardly and outwardly upon thepiston press the same against the-cylinder w ing various strokes in thecycle of the engine. f V 7 g i lVhilemyinvention particulai l I to'beapplied to internal coi 'ibiis ion engines of any" cycle, it wiil bereadly u'nde stood that it'inay be applied to otlierapparatus such ascylinders of steam engines and pumps and used for other purposes than hein 'bed, and that the arrangements and structural details of my devicemay be considerably Varied froni wl at has been shown and describedwithout altering themode ofopcration or de parting from the spirit andscope of the inve ition. I

,Hai'ing described my invention, what I claim new and wish to secure byLetters Patent is: A v

1. A piston composedof a body and head portions, means for dctachablyinterconnectin'g the two portions, said means including aneccentricallyj mounted boss ,proiecting from the under surface of thehead portion,

"th'eliossbeing externally threaded for 'engilgG'iHGnhWitli aninternally threaded open in g in the upper surface of the body. I

2. A piston con'iposed of a body and head portions, the head portion havng per1plier-' ally cut slots therein, means for detachablyinterconnecting the two portions, said means jeoting from the 'undersuriace of the head portion, toreng iiient vwith an internally threadedin the upper surface of the body. {3. A'pisto'n composed of a body andhead portions, the 'liead portion being chan'ife'red ou its undersurface, and slotted around its periphery, means for detachablyiiiterconneetiiig thet two portions, said means including anecceutricaliy mounted bossprojecting fromfltlie under surface of thehead portion, the bossbeing' externally threaded for enrin o, and

y adapted the boss being externally threaded gagement with an internallythreaded opening in the upper surface of the body, and a piston ringunderlying said head between said chamfered portion and the piston.

4. A piston composed of a body and head portion, the head portion beingcliamfered on lying said head between said cliainfered surface and thepiston.

'5JA piston composed of a body and head portion, said portions beingchamfered respectively on their upper and lower surfaces,

and the head portion having'radially cut slots located atpredeterminedlocations around its periphery, means 'for detachably 11itero0n-'uecting the two port ons, said means including an eccentrically mountedboss projecting from the under surface of the head portion, the bossb'eingfexternally threaded for engagement with an internally threadedopening in the upper surface of the body, and a piston ring underlyingsaid head and lying within the chaii'ifered portions of the piston andhead.

6. A piston composed of a body and head portion, thehead portion beingchamfeired on its under surfaces, and having'peripheral- 1y cut'slotstherein for thea'dmissioii of gas, means for detachably interconnectingthe two portions, said means including an eccentrically mounted bossprojecting from the under surface of the head portion, the boss beingexternally threaded for engagement with'an internally threaded openingin the upper surface of'the body, and a piston ring surrounding saidhead and lying within said chamfered portion, sotliat the gas issuingthrough act upon the ring to expand said slots may thesame. Y I r I V 7.A piston composed of a body and head portion, the head portion beingchamfered on its under surface, and having peripherally cut slots, atpredetermined locations therein, for the admission of gas, means fordetachably interconnecting the two portions, said means including aneccentrically mounted boss pro- Jectmgfrom the under surface of the headportion, the boss; being externallythreaded for engagement with aninternallythreaded opening in the upper surfaceof the body, and a pistonring surrounding said lieadand 1yingwithin said chamfered portion withsufficient clearance to permit gas issuing through said slots tofexertpressure u on the inner circumferential wall of said ring to expand thesame. i

8. A piston composed of a body and head the boss being" externallythreaded for en gagement with an internally threaded opening in theupper surface of the body, and a ring surrounding said head and lyingwithin said chainfered portion With sul'iicient clearance to permitissuing through said peripheral slots to exert pressure upon the innercircumferential wall and upper surface of said. ring to expand the sameand hold it 20 upon its seat.

CHARLES S. BURNETT.

